• Substituting with the
Same Chemical
• Substituting an Entirely New
Chemical
• The Chemical Industry Does Not
Support Mandatory Reliance on Inherently Safer Technology
Cost Benefit Analysis
IST from a Chemical Company’s
Perspective
Water Treatment Facilities
IST Cannot be Imposed
Green Chemistry Program
Encouraging Inherently Safer
Technology
Politics and Green Chemistry
Liability Reasons for Supporting
IST
Replacing Chlorine with Bleach
Obtaining the Benefits of
IST
PIH Tank Car Construction Standards
PIH Tank Car Speed Limit
DOT Looks for IST to Aid Rail
Safety
Railroad Accidents Involving
Hazardous Materials Releases
The Railroad Industry's Liability
Implementation Can Be Required
Significantly Reduce the Risk
Transfer the Risk to Another
Facility
Can be Feasibly Incorporated
Ability to Continue Doing Business
in the US
Lack of a Reliable Supply of
Bleach
Cost of Replacement
Moving the Hazard
IST Benefit Calculations
Comprehensive Chemical Security
Program
Public Relations Campaign
Impetus for Change
Cost of a UV Treatment System
Time for Implementation
Complexities of IST
Implementation
Stand Alone IST
Limit Application of IST
IST Evaluations
Evaluating Evaluations
Moving Forward
Cost of Site Security Plans
IST Implementation is Not
Inevitable
Facility Protection During
Implementation
Run IST Review and SVA/SSP in
Parallel
Establish Boundary Conditions
Technical Feasibility
Financial Feasibility
Evaluate the Boundary Conditions
Gates
Chemical Process Refinement
Escape Clause
Process Research
SOCMA List
IST Standards
Grants
Tax Incentives
Internalize Risk
Combination Plans
HR 5577 IST Limitations
Politics Favoring IST
HR 2477 Dead
IST Assessment
Mandated Implementation
Assessment Evaluation
Types of IST Assessments
Known Chemical Replacement
Inventory Management
Costs of Assessments
ISTAT Regulatory Assumptions
IST Measures
ISTAT Questions
IST for All?
Alternative Terminology
Mitigation Techniques
More Discussion
Raw Material or Product
Dispersed Storage
Straight Drop-in
Process Drop-in
Process Change Drop-in
Process Development Drop-in
Chemical Neutralization
Physical Neutralization
100% Efficacy?
Authorization
Study to Look at IST
Public Comments
IST Proponents
IST Opponents
NAS IST Study
Adequate Design
The Politics of the Study
Study Design
The Way Forward
IST Policy Not Addressed
NRC Tasking
Public Participation
Study Results
Following the Study
Two Edged Sword
Levels of Inherently Safer Design
Definition Shortcomings
Bayer IST Study Moving Forward
IST as a Political Issue
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